Court of Arbitration for Sport

Football governing bodies FIFA and UEFA had decided together that all Russian teams, whether national or club sides, be suspended from participation in FIFA and UEFA competitions until further notice after Moscow's invasion of Ukraine.

The Russian Football Union appealed to CAS but the president of the Appeals Arbitration Division denied a request to lift the ban until CAS takes a final decision.

The decision meant that Spartak Moscow could not play their Europa League match against club RB Leipzig, allowing the German club to advance to the quarter-finals.

The IAAF introduced the rules in 2011 after South Africa’s Caster Semenya had been sidelined for almost a year after winning the world 800 metres title in 2009 as an 18-year-old.

But CAS has issued an interim award in the case brought against the IAAF by India’s 19-year-old sprinter Dutee Chand - who was barred from competing in last year’s Commonwealth Games in Glasgow by the Athletics Federation of India – which maintains the world athletics body has failed to prove that women with naturally high levels of testosterone have a competitive edge.